{"id":52988,"date":"2021-05-04T08:52:12","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T08:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingeoexpert.com\/pt\/?p=52988"},"modified":"2021-05-04T08:53:48","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T08:53:48","slug":"hidrocarboneto-caracteristicas-e-classificacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingeoexpert.com\/pt\/blog\/2021\/05\/04\/hidrocarboneto-caracteristicas-e-classificacao\/","title":{"rendered":"Hidrocarboneto: caracter\u00edsticas e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Se conduz um ve\u00edculo sabe que a gasolina e o gas\u00f3leo, assim como o g\u00e1s natural liquefeito s\u00e3o hidrocarbonetos que permitem a sua condu\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s da sua capacidade energ\u00e9tica<\/strong>. No entanto, os hidrocarbonetos t\u00eam outras aplica\u00e7\u00f5es al\u00e9m da cria\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edvel, como por exemplo, a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais pl\u00e1sticos. De que est\u00e3o formados? Como podemos classific\u00e1-los? Se quer saber mais sobre este conceito, continue a ler.<\/p>\n

O que s\u00e3o hidrocarbonetos?<\/h2>\n

Os hidrocarbonetos s\u00e3o um conjunto de compostos org\u00e2nicos cujas mol\u00e9culas est\u00e3o formadas por \u00e1tomos de carbono e hidrg\u00e9nio<\/strong>. Em fun\u00e7\u00e3o do tipo de hidrocarboneto, as suas estruturas variam. Na grande maioria, os hidrocarbonetos procedem do petr\u00f3leo, ou seja, de mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica em decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00c9 por isso que est\u00e3o formados por uma grande quantidade de carbono e hidrog\u00e9nio em doses bastante concentradas.<\/p>\n

Todos os elementos derivados do petr\u00f3leo prov\u00eam dos hidrocarbonetos<\/strong> e s\u00e3o fundamentais para uma grande quantidade de ind\u00fastrias, desde transportes a brinquedos, entre outras. Para saber mais sobre eles, \u00e9 importante entender quais s\u00e3o as suas caracter\u00edsticas.<\/p>\n

Principais caracter\u00edsticas dos hidrocarbonetos<\/h3>\n

–\u00a0 No que diz respeito ao plano molecular, ainda que cada tipo de hidrocarboneto tenha uma mol\u00e9cula distinta que permite diferenci\u00e1-los, todos eles partilham uma cadeia de \u00e1tomos de carbono<\/strong>. Por isso, tratam-se de compostos org\u00e2nicos que unicamente est\u00e3o formados por \u00e1tomos de carbono e \u00e1tomos de hidrog\u00e9nio.<\/p>\n

– Os hidrocarbonetos podem ter uma estrutura de mol\u00e9culas lineares ou ramificadas, abertas ou fechadas<\/strong>. Dependendo de que hidrocarboneto se trata, a sua disposi\u00e7\u00e3o e quantidade ser\u00e3o diferentes. Por exemplo, os hidrocarbonetos c\u00edclicos est\u00e3o formados por uma cadeia de carbono fechada sem carbonos terminais.<\/p>\n

– Outra caracter\u00edstica dos hidrocarbonetos \u00e9 que s\u00e3o muito inflam\u00e1veis<\/strong>, nesse sentido s\u00e3o muito utilizados para a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o industrial e para obter energia.<\/p>\n

– O problema que t\u00eam \u00e9 que na sua grande maioria s\u00e3o elementos t\u00f3xicos, que podem emanar vapores perigosos para a s\u00e1ude<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos hidrocarbonetos<\/h2>\n

A classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos hidrocarbonetos faz-se atendendo ao tipo de estrutura e ao tipo de liga\u00e7\u00f5es entre \u00e1tomos.<\/p>\n

Se nos centramos na primeira tipologia, a sua estrutura<\/strong>, encontramos os seguintes hidrocarbonetos:<\/p>\n

–\u00a0 Os<\/strong> hidrocarbonetos ac\u00edclicos<\/strong>. Neste caso, deparamo-nos com hidrocarbonetos que t\u00eam uma estrutura de cadeia de mol\u00e9culas abertas. Dentro dos ac\u00edclicos temos os lineares e os ramificados.<\/p>\n

– Os hidrocarbonetos c\u00edclicos<\/strong>. A diferen\u00e7a com a anterior classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, est\u00e1 no facto de que estes t\u00eam uma cadeia molecular que se fecha sobre si mesma. Neste caso, os hidrocarbonetos podem ser de um s\u00f3 ciclo (monoc\u00edclicos) ou de v\u00e1rios ciclos (polic\u00edclicos).<\/p>\n

Se nos centramos na classifica\u00e7\u00e3o por tipos de liga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>, encontramos os seguintes hidrocarbonetos:<\/p>\n

– Os hidrocarbonetos arom\u00e1ticos<\/strong>. Neste caso, os hidrocarbonetos encontram-se formados por uma estrutura c\u00edclica espec\u00edfica que imita a estrutura hexagonal do benzeno, do qual s\u00e3o derivados. O seu nome, deve-se ao facto de que originalmente eram obtidos atrav\u00e9s da degrada\u00e7\u00e3o de certas subst\u00e2ncias qu\u00edmicas que emitiam um cheiro agrad\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

– Os hidrocarbonetos alif\u00e1ticos<\/strong> s\u00e3o aqueles que n\u00e3o t\u00eam um anel arom\u00e1tico, por n\u00e3o derivar do benzeno. O seu nome deve-se ao facto de que eram obtidos a partir de uma decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00f3leos e gorduras, tendo origem na palavra grega aleiphar<\/em>. Em qualquer caso, eles tamb\u00e9m se dividem em dois tipos, os saturados <\/strong>(com liga\u00e7\u00f5es simples) e os insaturados<\/strong> (com pelo menos uma dupla liga\u00e7\u00e3o).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Quais s\u00e3o as suas principais aplica\u00e7\u00f5es?<\/h2>\n

Entre os hidrocarbonetos mais conhecidos, dentro dos alif\u00e1ticos de cadeia aberta, encontramos os alcanos, alcenos e alcinos<\/strong>. Os alcanos<\/strong> denominam-se tamb\u00e9m como paraf\u00ednicos <\/strong>e \u00e9 poss\u00edvel encontr\u00e1-los na natureza, g\u00e1s natural e petr\u00f3leo. Costumam ser utilizados em combust\u00edveis como a gasolina e o gas\u00f3leo. Por outro lado, os alcenos <\/strong>s\u00e3o utilizados para criar pl\u00e1sticos, colorantes ou explosivos<\/strong>, entre outros exemplos. Por \u00faltimo, os alcinos<\/strong> s\u00e3o mais reativos que os anteriores e s\u00e3o utilizados para produzir borrachas sint\u00e9ticas, fibras t\u00eaxteis e pl\u00e1sticos<\/strong>. No geral, os hidrocarbonetos s\u00e3o muito utilizados em ind\u00fastrias distintas<\/strong>. Ao conterem uma grande capacidade de combust\u00e3o, s\u00e3o especialmente usados para criar energia, combust\u00edveis, pl\u00e1sticos, fabricar solventes e outros produtos de uso comum, como produtos de limpeza, fertilizantes e betume.<\/p>\n

Os hidrocarbonetos contam com uma parte negativa, uma vez que o ambiente \u00e9 o primeiro a ser afetado por este tipo de elementos<\/strong>. Tal como dissemos anteriormente, ao produzir algo com hidrocarbonetos, s\u00e3o emanados vapores t\u00f3xicos que produzem danos bastante graves na atmosfera, principalmente se s\u00e3o vertidos na natureza.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9m sabemos, que em fun\u00e7\u00e3o do hidrocarboneto, a emiss\u00e3o ou a combust\u00e3o do mesmo emite gases de efeito estufa que provocam danos na camada de ozono, contribuindo assim para mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e aquecimento global. Al\u00e9m de se tratar de uma fonte n\u00e3o renov\u00e1vel, apesar de ser muito \u00fatil para muitas ind\u00fastrias, pode ser altamente perigoso para a natureza.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Agora que j\u00e1 sabe o que s\u00e3o hidrocarbonetos, as suas caracter\u00edsticas e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, conte-nos o que lhe parece do seu impacto no ambiente. Iremos ler!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fontes:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.caracteristicas.co\/hidrocarburos\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/nucleovisual.com\/hidrocarburos-clasificacion-nomenclatura-y-ejercicios\/#Clasificacion_de_hidrocarburos<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Se conduz um ve\u00edculo sabe que a gasolina e o gas\u00f3leo, assim como o g\u00e1s natural liquefeito s\u00e3o hidrocarbonetos que permitem a sua condu\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s da sua capacidade energ\u00e9tica. No entanto, os hidrocarbonetos t\u00eam outras aplica\u00e7\u00f5es al\u00e9m da cria\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edvel, como por exemplo, a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais pl\u00e1sticos. De que est\u00e3o formados? Como podemos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":52989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media","owp-thumbs-layout-horizontal","owp-btn-normal","owp-tabs-layout-horizontal","has-no-thumbnails"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHidrocarboneto: caracter\u00edsticas e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o - Ingeoexpert PT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ingeoexpert.com\/pt\/blog\/2021\/05\/04\/hidrocarboneto-caracteristicas-e-classificacao\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hidrocarboneto: caracter\u00edsticas e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o - Ingeoexpert PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Se conduz um ve\u00edculo sabe que a gasolina e o gas\u00f3leo, assim como o g\u00e1s natural liquefeito s\u00e3o hidrocarbonetos que permitem a sua condu\u00e7\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s da sua capacidade energ\u00e9tica. 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